NMRA maintains rigorous oversight over pharmaceutical products through its systematic registration and evaluation process. The authority evaluates all medicinal products based on quality, safety, efficacy, need, and cost-effectiveness criteria. Products must receive approval from recognized reference authorities including US FDA, Health Canada, EMA, or TGA Australia before consideration for Sri Lankan market entry. The Medicines Evaluation Committee (MEC), comprising experts in medical and pharmaceutical disciplines, provides specialized guidance on product assessments and ensures thorough scientific review of all applications.

The authority enforces comprehensive labeling regulations designed to facilitate proper product identification, minimize medication errors, and improve traceability throughout the supply chain. NMRA mandates that all pharmaceutical products display clear, consistent information including active pharmaceutical ingredient details, manufacturing information, and safety warnings. Each product must maintain approved label formats with consistent designs and colors as specified during registration. The labeling framework covers primary containers, secondary packaging, patient information leaflets, and summary of product characteristics to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes.

NMRA requires mandatory registration of all manufacturing sites producing pharmaceuticals for the Sri Lankan market, whether local or foreign. The authority conducts risk-based Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspections according to WHO guidelines to ensure consistent product quality and safety standards. Foreign manufacturers must appoint registered local agents and submit comprehensive Site Master Files detailing manufacturing processes, quality systems, and facility information. WHO GMP certification is mandatory for both finished product manufacturers and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) producers seeking market authorization.

The National Medicines Quality Assurance Laboratory (NMQAL) operates under NMRA's purview to continuously monitor product quality through systematic testing and analysis. NMRA implements robust post-marketing surveillance systems to track adverse reactions, conduct quality reviews, and ensure ongoing compliance with regulatory standards. The authority maintains comprehensive pharmacovigilance programs and has the power to impose penalties, conduct inspections, and take regulatory action against non-compliant entities to safeguard public health throughout the product lifecycle.